Saturday, February 2, 2008
week review 27/1 to 2/2
Friday, February 1, 2008
What’s YOUR Sticking Point? zz from lifehack
I’ve written recently about starting and finishing the big projects in your life, which leaves the big, wide middle — the day-to-day slog of working steadily to get to done.
When we start something new, we often have a huge burst of enthusiasm and energy that carries us through the early stages. But eventually the newness wears off, and the project settles down into a daily grind. We reach a sticking point of one kind or another and get hung up.
A sticking point is the point in your project where your energy and excitement level are not enough to overcome whatever resistance the project poses. There are lots of different kinds of sticking points, but for simplicity’s sake, we can categorize them into two types:
- External: Obstacles placed in your way by people and situations you do not control, such as your work situation, family members, illness, etc.; and
- Internal: Obstacles of our own making, that arise out of our own thought processes, insecurities, lack of knowledge or understanding, and so on.
External Sticking Points
As much as we might hate to admit it, as humans living in society, we are subject to pressures from all around us. Co-workers, family members, bosses, teachers, friends, investors, organizations, governments, the media, and society itself all play a role in our lives — and any one can occasionally throw a barrier in our way.
Short of barricading ourselves somewhere away from the outside world, there are only two things to do about external obstacles:
- Minimize them as much as possible, or
- Deal with them and move on.
Here are some of the external pressures that become sticking points, and some tips on dealing with them:
- Finances: The number one reason most businesses fail is lack of available funds, and the same holds true for lots of other kinds of projects. Financial advisers suggest setting up a reserve fund with several months of operating expenses in it; for personal projects, it’s a good idea to add a small amount to a “project fund” to carry you through any rough spots.
Bootstrapping principles also apply: is there a way to make some interim money from the part you’ve finished so far? Could you organize a class or workshop to make use of the expertise you’ve developed in pursuing your project? Is there a physical product that could be developed — a website or e-book with tips, maybe?
Depending on the project, you may be able to secure outside funding. Writers can often get grants, projects with commercial potential can often get investors, and so on. Sometimes it’s even worth getting a loan, though you’ll want to borrow against the project’s returns, not against your own already-stressed personal finances. What I mean is, don’t borrow more than your project can reasonably be expected to make, because if you’re having trouble dealing with finances now, chances are you’ll have trouble dealing with them deferred into the future.
- Time: Finding time to work can be a hassle, especially when your schedule changes or new commitments come up. Make sure you maintain a reasonable amount of time to work in your schedule as a “hard” commitment — that is, a time that’s fixed in your calendar — so you can say “Between 8am and 10am I work on x; I can do y after that.”
Lots of people run into time problems because they haven’t set a fixed time to work on their projects; they figure they’ll work on them “in their spare time” or “whenever the opportunity presents itself.” Well, there is no spare time — there’s the same 24 hours in every day! And the opportunity never presents itself — we have to make the opportunity, or we lose it.
- Interruptions: Unless you’re a hermit, other people have a claim to at least some of your time. Your friends want to go out, your family wants quality time with you, your boss wants that report, and so it goes. Along with setting a fixed time to work, try to set up an “interruption-free zone” — explain to others that when you’re in this place at this time you’re working on something very important to you. Turn off the phone, close your browser and email, shut the door, and work. Ask someone else to be your gatekeeper in those times (a spouse, an older child, a roommate, a co-worker; perhaps you can return the favor when they’re working on their stuff?).
You’re going to have to develop some discipline, too — get in the habit of asking, when temptation arises, if the lost time is worth the rewards of succumbing. Explain that you’re free after whatever time you’ve set aside. And schedule time for goofing off — if you know that Friday nights or Wednesday mornings are time when you’re “allowed” to be interrupted, you won’t feel quite so bad about ignoring interruptions Friday afternoon or Tuesday evening.
- Competition: Finding out that someone is working on a project similar to yours, or seeing someone else’s work in the marketplace, can be daunting. Writers, musicians, and other artists often find someone else’s work so good that they feel they can’t possibly do better, so they give up.
Remember that competition is healthy — it shows that there’s an active niche developed around your specialty. Remember, too, that the main thing that your audience, market, or employer wants is you — your personal take on a problem, your personal voice, your personal perspective — and nobody else can offer quite what you do. Consider the iPod — there is lots of competition, and many of the competitors are, feature for feature, better than iPods, but people respond to the particular Apple style, the vision Apple has brought to its products. At the same time, the existence of the iPod hasn’t stopped other companies from producing players — several companies are doing quite well in the particular niche they’ve carved out for themselves.
Figure out what your particular niche is, what differentiates your project from whatever anyone else is doing, and refocus your efforts to develop those specific qualities.
- Criticism: Criticism from others, especially those whose opinions we value, can immediately sap our energy and desire to continue. Some people offer constructive criticism, which can actually help if we know they have our best interests at heart. But others offer destructive criticism in the guise of helpfulness — even people close to us might want to protect us from the disappointment they are afraid you’ll feel when you fail. Explain to these people that they aren’t showing much faith in you and that even though they might have the best intentions, they are actually not helping. Try redirecting them, asking “What do you think I need to do to make this succeed?”
Then there’s the people who offer negative criticism for the sheer pleasure of it, because they literally don’t want to see you succeed. They might be jealous, the might be projecting their own lack of confidence in themselves, or they might simply enjoy undermining people. Not only can you safely ignore their criticism (which is really about them, not you or your work) but you can and even must ignore these people. Get them out of your life, pronto! If this is impossible — maybe you’re related to them or they’re co-workers — you have to take every effort to minimize the extent of your relationship. First and foremost, don’t share your work with them — even when it’s done. They’re not going to suddenly “see the light” when you’re rich and famous, so don’t even try.
Internal Sticking Points
The sticking points that rise up out of our own thoughts and feelings are in many ways even more insidious and dangerous than the external sticking points listed above. They are, after all, part of who you are, and getting around them takes a concerted effort to change something about yourself. Or, at times, to change something about the project — which is often just as hard!
- Ethical objections: Sometimes we find ourself working on a project that suddenly starts setting off morality alarms. For example, you may need a piece of information about someone that you discover isn’t public, or someone might question the effect that your project’s outcome might have on some group of people. This happened to me when I was doing fieldwork; I had promised something to someone and another anthropologist suggested that following through on my promise might really hurt the community I was studying.
I would never advise setting these feelings to the side and plowing through anyway. Even if you’re successful, you’ll regret it later — and chances are, the negative effects will be realized and people will be hurt. What you need, though, before continuing, is some perspective. Here’s some things to do:
- Ask for others’ advice. Explain your situation to two or three people whose opinion you value and ask what they would do.
- Do some research. Go to the library and look through the sections on ethics and also on the field your project is in. Many professions have a Code of Ethics that will offer some guidelines for dealing with potentially difficult situations.
- Ask the people it effects. If possible, discuss your concerns with the people who might be affected by it. Lay out everything you think is possible, and how likely you think it is that it will happen.
- Look inside. Take a good, hard look at your situation. Write down your worries and how you feel about them.
There is never a pat answer to ethical dilemmas (if there were, they wouldn’t be dilemmas!); ethics is a set of processes and reflections, rather than a set of rules. You may decide to go through with your project “as is”; if you do, you’ll do so knowing that you’ve considered all the angles and that morality is unlikely to rise up as a sticking point. Or you may decide to make changes in your plan. In some instances, you might scrap the project altogether, but you’ll do so knowing there’s a good reason to quit — it won’t be something you’ll regret.
- Lack of vision: It may be that you simply can’t imagine finishing, or you can’t imagine yourself having finished. As you get closer to the end of your project, you unconsciously start holding onto it, checking and re-checking everything, revising and re-planning, even going back to the drawing board to start over.
If you find yourself in this pattern, first of all pay attention. Realizing we’re sabotaging ourself is often a powerful enough experience to get us going again. Second, take a few minutes to remind yourself of your goals and of the positive changes you expect to occur when you’re done. Third, write down a paragraph or two, or even just a list, of how you see your life when you’re done. Write a vision statement if you haven’t ever before. If applicable, write down how the people closest to you will be affected, too — knowing others hold a stake in your success can often motivate us profoundly.
- Self-criticism: Unlike the negativity of others, there’s no door we can close to get away from the negativity in ourselves, the Inner Critic who tells us our work is not good enough or important enough to waste time on, that we lack the skills and talent to pull it off, and even that we don’t deserve to succeed.
In some extreme cases, therapy is called for, but everyone faces an Inner Critic, even the most prolific creators. It’s sounds glib to say “just ignore it”, and yet, ultimately that’s what you have to do. Just like the criticism of others, you have to ask your Inner Critic to either help you figure out how to succeed or tell it to go away.
One thing that helps is telling yourself that it’s fine to suck — that, in fact, lots of incredible creators, even geniuses, felt their own work sucked. Give yourself permission to suck, and the Inner Critic sort of runs out of steam — what’s it going to say, “You don’t suck good enough?”
- Lack of planning: A lot of time we’re stuck because we haven’t planned our way through all the steps and we don’t know what to do next, or the plan we originally wrote (or otherwise conceived) doesn’t seem to apply. At times, you need to re-plan — to reconceive your project according to what you know now, not what you knew when you started. I often tell students that the best time to start their big papers is write after they’ve finished — you learn so much doing a big project that you always know much more when its done than when you began.
- Priorities: If you suffer from several of these internal and external sticking points — you don’t have time, your family and friends aren’t supportive, you don’t know what to do next, etc. — it may well be that your project is not a very high priority for you. IF you find yourself spinning your wheels for more than a few days, you’d better start asking yourself if you really want this — not just “someday”, but right now. Because you’re spending not just time but energy worrying about why you aren’t getting done.
Now, something can be your very last priority and not be a waste of time. If you’d like to write a novel but you have a family to feed and care for, writing that novel probably shouldn’t be at the top of your list! But know and accept that it’s a low priority and that other things have to come first, so you don’t feel guilty about not working on it — and so that, when you do work on it, you know that you can devote yourself wholly to it because everything else important is taken care of.
These are just a few of the things that stop us in our tracks. Each of us faces a slightly different struggle depending on the nature of our tasks and the nature of ourselves. What’s your sticking point?
中国改革30年史记：那些曾经疯狂的“倒爷” ZZ
中国大陆改革开放30年的历史，“倒爷”是值得书写的群体之一。就是这些数以百万计的个体户、倒爷、小作坊、集体工厂以“蚂蚁雄兵”的方式，推倒了计划经济体制的堤防。
20多年过去了，曾令计划经济下流通体制坍塌的“倒爷”，也已经成为一个过往时代的名词。但直到今天，在大多数国人的眼中，“倒爷”这个词说起来似乎依然不是那么的褒义。事实上，这些人恰恰是改革开放之初最善于抓住商机的那拨人。
年近50岁的温州商人林文和就是其中之一。“从倒木材，到倒地皮，再到俄罗斯倒服装，我算是把‘倒爷’当了个遍。但‘倒爷’毕竟不是个事业。”林说。自从1998年在俄罗斯的几次失败经验之后，林彻底安心在温州办起了实业。
疯狂的“倒爷”
林文和的“第一桶金”源自一张批条。
1979年后，国家实行原材料价格改革，许多产品的国家统配价得到了一定程度的抬高，比如原煤价格从每吨14.52元提高为32.32元，统配水泥由每吨40元提高到90元；而另一方面，国家也允许企业超计划自销产品，可按市场价格出售。
这就形成了“双重价格”，也就是所谓的价格“双轨制”(国家统配价和市场价同时并存)。这样的背景下，市场价格比国家统配价时常会高出一到两倍。“双轨制”价格在一定程度上促进了当时的经济发展，也给那些“倒爷”们带来了商机。
林文和的一个亲戚在湖南某县政府任要职，林从这个亲戚那得到了一张一次性木材采伐批条。利用这个批条，林开始了木材的倒卖生意。那个时候，湖南的木材大概在两三百元一立方米，而到了浙江就卖到了七八百元一立方米。
批条只能用一次。但在那个双轨制的年代，利用手中资源倒空卖空，已经心照不宣。精明的林文和便用第一次赚取的利润疏通关系，也因为当初林那张批条的深厚背景，林与湖南当地的木材管理站建立了良好的关系，打通了木材买卖通道。
而后，林文和的视野逐渐扩大，他又把目光从木材转移到电子产品——一种两喇叭的录音机产品。林文和回忆说，1980年代的中国大陆，甚至把两个木头盒子外边包上一层钢丝网，都能够以录音机的价格卖出去。
在那个时代，火车硬座、麻包袋几乎成了“倒爷们”共同的道具。据说温州美特斯邦威老总在用200万元做大一个品牌之前，也是用麻包袋装着布料蜷缩在火车硬座底下跑买卖。而林文和同样是大包小包地扛着产品在火车上挤来挤去。这些倒卖行为在当时被命名为“投机倒把”。
1986年，受价格管控的影响，彩电生产量大滑坡。1988年，国家允许各地浮动20%，这又吸引了林文和这些“倒爷们”的目光。但一年后，国家为了制止“黑市交易”，再度控制流通体系和价格，导致“生产和需求”同时萎缩。
此时，林文和又将目光投向了刚刚建省不久的海南。那是中国地产的一个癫狂时代。“一个楼盘，一楼签合同买进，到四楼就卖出去了，接着就是点钱，晚上就数小费了。”林回忆起当初在海南倒地皮的事依然很兴奋。
据说某地产大佬的“第一桶金”也源自一张批条。1988年，他将某中央机关给其筹建海南下属机构的经费——1万台彩电批文，递给一家外贸公司的老总，这位老总当即拍出了30万元。后来地产圈也开玩笑地把他称为“倒爷”。
北京理工大学教授胡星斗分析说，上个世纪80年代，“官倒”是腐败的主要表现，其主因是价格双轨制。“官倒”主要是通过“走后门”“批条子”，利用价格差行贿受贿、投机诈骗、倒买倒卖。
于是，“打击官倒”成为1989年廉政的一个口号。
中央财经大学证券与期货研究所所长贺强回忆说，当初为了铲除“官倒”，中央决定价格并轨，价格并轨后没有差价。只是当时的价格改革的条件实际上是不具备的，一时间的抢购风潮，最终导致了严重的通货膨胀。
后来，随着价格双轨制的消失，“倒爷”这个说法也逐渐从人们生活中消失。1997年3月，刑法中取消“投机倒把”罪。只有未被取消且暂行了20多年的《投机倒把行政处罚暂行条例》，偶尔还是会像幽灵般溜出来让人们再次领教“投机倒把”的含义。
奔向俄罗斯
在国内遭受打击之后，很快，“倒爷”们把目光转向了国外。
“去俄罗斯做生意一星期能挣一辆奔驰。”上世纪90年代，这类极富煽动性的说法在国内广泛传播。林文和也正是这个时候开始进军俄罗斯，当起了“国际倒爷”。“当时大包小包的，就和逃难差不多。”林文和这样形容自己当初的形象。
事实上，与俄罗斯接壤的黑龙江等地，中俄边境贸易早在1980年代就已经相当兴盛，许多村庄几乎村村都有人在俄罗斯做“倒爷”，回来又走，走了又回。当地人至今念念不忘当年“一车西瓜换一辆坦克”的“盛景”。
也是在这个时候，在北京，有“国际倒爷后仓库”之称的秀水街，逐渐成为中国与东欧相互了解的重要通道。那个年代，北京人曾亲眼目睹过俄罗斯商人席卷秀水街的采购狂潮，于是，胆大和聪明的一些人便试着也奔向俄罗斯。
20多年来，北京通过这条小街的民间贸易，不自觉地打开了通往外面世界的商道。而那些抓住了机遇、冲破了旧经济体制的“二道贩子”，后来统统在王朔的笔下被尊称为“爷”，作为一个极具中国时代特色的称呼为世人耳熟能详。
北京经满洲里至莫斯科的铁路全长9000多公里，国际列车每周对开一次，运行六天六夜，这趟国际列车就是那些国际“倒爷”的主要交通工具。而这条线路在“倒爷”们的眼中，熟悉得如同回乡的乡间小路。“这是条伟大的铁路。”林说。
一位北京的“倒爷”回忆说，开始的时候，从北京上车时限制重量，一个人只能带38公斤的货。后来好多人生意从零售到批发，销货量越来越大，大家开始直接包车厢。“我最多的时候曾经买断一列车厢，整整17个包厢。”这位倒爷说。
林文和依然清晰地记得，那会儿从北京开往莫斯科的火车，每一个包厢都被货物塞得满满的，倒爷们几乎全都是买下整个包厢，除了留一个铺位睡觉，货从地板一直摞到天花板，连窗户都遮得严严的。
列车一进俄罗斯境内，每到一站，“倒爷”们就拎着皮夹克、羽绒服等蜂拥而下，而在站台上早就挤满了等待抢购的俄罗斯人。“生意火爆得难以置信！那么多的货，倾刻之间就一抢而空，我都不知道这些东西到底销到什么地方去了。”林说。
这些“倒爷”们都挣了大钱，这些传奇经回国后的“倒爷”们口口相传，极具煽动效应。一时间，中俄边境，掀起了全民搞边贸的高潮。从最初的黑龙江“倒爷”、北京“倒爷”，发展到后来主要以福建和浙江的“倒爷”为主。只是，个中艰辛只有这些国际“倒爷”们自己知道。
毫不夸张地说，中俄民间贸易的线路，就是他们用汗水乃至血水杀开的，其间的故事惊心动魄，当事人回首往事心情也异常复杂。“那时这条铁路沿线的每一个小站都充满了躁动、激情与恐惧。”林文和说。
在倒爷生涯道路上走来走去的人们，几乎都遇到过抢劫，也有人送了命。
“我有两回被人袭击，第一次抢匪向我喷射瓦斯，泪眼迷离间我掏出手枪，抢匪一看我带着枪，吓得落荒而逃，临走时还没忘了拽上我一件皮衣。”一位北京“倒爷”回忆说。
据说在俄罗斯最大的中国货市场莫斯科市阿斯太，虽然外观简陋，但租金奇高。由两个废旧集装箱上下搭建的店铺，年租金和各类“好处费”“保护费”，总共在50万人民币左右。不过比起生意的利润，这些“打发俄罗斯人的小钱”已经不在“倒爷”们的算计之内。
生意做大了，钱也赚得多了，艰难的是要将挣回来的钱带回中国去。查没中国商人携带的美金便成了俄罗斯海关的重要任务。因为那时候，火车是惟一的渠道，“倒爷”们只能冒险将成千上万甚至数十万美金随身携带回国。
于是，每次进出俄罗斯，都成了一种狂欢似的宣泄。列车一进俄罗斯，进入餐车就餐的都是中国“倒爷”们，因为每到一个俄罗斯的车站，货物都会立马脱销。而列车一出俄国边境进入中国，“倒爷”们又都松了一口气，“回家真好！”
从“倒爷”到华商
正是这些“倒爷”们的所作所为，使铁板一块的流通体制出现松动，直至坍塌。沿着他们的足迹，原来为国家所独有的外贸体系在私营企业和国际“倒爷”的联手作用下走向开放。而随着贸易的发展，从前的“倒爷”也成了如今的华商。
中俄贸易的演变历史或许能成为国际“倒爷”作用的最好注脚。前苏联和东欧的剧变，令中俄两国 经济有很大的互补性，一方面俄罗斯急需物美价廉的中国商品，另一方面中国需要俄罗斯的原料及工业产品，加大双边贸易符合中俄两国的共同利益。上世纪90年 代初，俄罗斯经济萧条，日用品严重匮乏，而中国的轻工产品具有明显的竞争优势，大批中国货开始进入俄市场。进入俄罗斯的温州商人都对那个年代怀念不已。
数据显示，中俄贸易额2000年为80亿美元，而前苏联时期最高贸易额仅是46亿美元，苏联解体后，1993年贸易最高峰为72.8亿美元。2000年中国对俄出口额为22.3亿美元，其中服装出口约10亿美元，鞋3.2亿美元，以上两项占据了出口总额的60%。
22.3亿美元的出口中，其中包括10亿美元的民营出口。也就是说，2000年对俄出口几乎一半是中国私营企业、个体户完成的。显然，在俄罗斯的中国个体商人、也就是那些国际“倒爷”们功不可没。
国际“倒爷”在浙江曾盛极一时。在对俄投资比较密集的浙江嘉兴、温州，当地的外经贸管理部门相关人士表示，他们不完全掌握当地对俄投资的实际情况，因为很多投资不经报批就出去了。
温州外贸部门一位人士讲述了这样一个例子：温州一家皮包公司在俄罗斯投资多年后，“我们发现这家公司员工频繁申请旅游签证去俄罗斯，才发现实际情况。”最后还是相关部门说服企业报批对外投资，之后协助公司员工申请商务签证。
莫斯科华人报社社长温锦华在央视《财富故事会》里曾回忆说，当初俄罗斯人本身也是很欢迎“倒爷”。就连倒爷们随身携带自己吃的方便面在那也都能卖出去。于是，本来在那倒卖皮夹克的，最后连方便面都一块儿倒出去了。
只是当年那批早年的“倒爷”中“鱼龙混杂”，一些人把劣质产品带到了俄罗斯，比如说棉絮里夹杂着玻璃碴的“羽绒服”。许多不法商贩，甚至采用胶水把毛粘在人造革上，用黑心棉填充羽绒服。
中国货的以次充好，乱标价格，伪劣假冒，严重损害了中国货的声誉。林文和就目睹了那些年中国商品在俄境遇的巨大反差。有一段时间，“有些莫斯科商店门口干脆挂出牌子：本店不售盗版商品和中国商品。”林文和说。
这也直接导致了贸易量的下降。《黑龙江统计年鉴》的数据也证实，中俄边境贸易增长到1993年的顶峰后开始走下坡路，俄罗斯在中国对外贸易中占比从2000年开始下降，2003年只有1.9%，仅为1990年3.7%的一半。
当地的制度也在一定程度上影响着这些国际倒爷的生存环境。
2007年4月1日，俄罗斯不允许任何外国人在市场从事零售经营的法律开始正式生效。据媒体 报道，自从2006年12月该条令颁布以来，每到周末，各大市场就会上演华商甩卖货物的景象。这些顾客更多地来自周边城市，他们闻讯赶来购买低价甩卖的中 国货，一些俄罗斯商人则大批收购囤积，希望等中国人走后卖个好价钱。
而在此之前，精明的温州商人郑秀康等人，在俄罗斯投资20亿元建经济合作区，把原来出口到俄罗斯的成品，以半成品运来，在当地加工，把中国制造变成俄罗斯制造。这样，禁售令对他的产品就失效了。
这两年，随着俄罗斯国家经济逐渐恢复，人们手上的钱逐渐增多，就开始买价格高的。中国的“倒爷”这个时候就逐步改变观念了，再卖那些廉价的不行了。过去有很多在俄罗斯的“浙江村”，现在没有了，中国产品的质量也在逐渐提高了。★ (本文来源：中国新闻周刊 作者：谢良兵)工作就是愉快的带薪学习 part zz from 5xue
* 我有目的的去寻找学习的机会，而不是等待被教
* 我意识到通过工作经验进行学习的力量
* 我相信我自己的职业以及发展职业的机会取决于我自己
* 我相信我自己的个人发展取决于我自己
* 我把我的教育视做一个持续一生的过程
* 我有目的地在决定我需要学习什么
* 我总是积极地寻找方法来提高自己的能力
* 我总是想到通过我的学习帮助我们的组织，迎合组织的发展要求
* 我想通过我的学习提高组织的目标和前景
* 我总想通过学习保持自己在本专业的知识更新
* 我的学习并不是仅仅为了目前的工作需要
* 我想通过学习为未来的任务做准备
* 我想通过学习帮助自己适应工作环境的变化
* 我对自己获取更多的知识有一个积极的计划
* 我喜欢学习新东西，包括思想、方法、工具等。
马云回忆往事：应聘肯德基总经理秘书遭拒绝
12岁时，我对学习英语产生了兴趣。每天早上，不管刮风下雨，我都要骑车40分钟，到杭州西湖旁的一个小旅馆去学英语，这一学就是8年。那时，中国已经逐渐对外开放，许多外国游人到杭州旅游观光。我经常为他们充当免费导游，带他们四处浏览的同时练习英语，这8年的学习深深改变了我。外国游客带给我的知识和从老师、书本学到的很不一样，我开始比大多数人更具全球化的视野。
另一件使我发生根本改变的事发生在1979年。我遇到了一个来自澳大利亚的家庭，这家有两个小孩，我们一起玩了三天，后来变成了笔友。1985年，他们邀请我暑假到澳大利亚去，我于是7月份去了那里，住了31天。在我出国之前，我以为中国是世界上最富裕、最幸福的国家。当我到了澳大利亚，我才发现，我以前的想法并不正确。
屡遭挫折
我高考考了三次，才被当时杭州最差的大学杭州师范大学录取。在大学里，我有幸当上了学生会主席，后来还成为杭州大学生联合会主席。但那时，我的未来基本上被圈定在了中学英语老师。毕业时，我成为500多名毕业生中唯一一位在大学教书的教师。我的工资是每月人民币100~120元，相当于12~15美元。
在5年的教书生涯中，我一直梦想着到公司工作，比如饭店或者其它什么地方。我就是想做点儿什么。1992年，商业环境开始改善，我应聘了许多工作，但没有人要我。我曾经应聘过肯德基总经理秘书职位，但被拒绝了。
接着在1995年，我作为一个贸易代表团的翻译前往西雅图。一个朋友在那儿首次向我展示了互联网。我们在雅虎上搜索“啤酒”这个单词，但却没有搜索到任何关于中国的资料，我们决定创建一个网站，并注册了“中国黄页”这个名称。
我借了2000美元，创建了这个公司，当时我对个人电脑和电子邮件一窍不通，我甚至没接触过键盘。这也是我为什么说自己是“盲人骑瞎马”。我们与中国电信竞争了大约一年，中国电信的总经理表示愿意出资18.5万美元，和我们组建合资公司。我还从来没见过那么多钱。遗憾的是，中国电信在公司董事会中占据了五个席位，而我的公司只有两个席位，我们建议的每件事件他们都拒绝，这就象蚂蚁和大象搏弈一样，根本没有任何机会。我决定辞职单干。那时，我得到了来自北京的一个offer，负责运营一个旨在推动电子商务的政府组织。
创业梦想
我的梦想是建立自己的电子商务公司。1999年，我召集了18个人，在我的公寓里开会。我对他们讲述了我的构想，两个小时后，每个人都开始掏腰包，我们一共凑了6万美元，这就是创建阿里巴巴的第一桶金。我想建立一家全球性的企业，因此选择了一个全球性的名字。阿里巴巴很容易拼写，而且《一千零一夜》里“芝麻开门”的故事家喻户晓，很容易被人记住。
当时，阿里巴巴基本上是一个“三无”企业，无资金、无技术、无计划，但我们最终存活了下来。我们每一分钱都用得非常仔细，公司的办公地点就选在了我的公寓里。我们1999年从高盛获得了资金注入，2000年又从软银获得了投资，公司的规模开始扩张。
我们能取得的地位因为我相信一件事：全球视野，本土能赢。我们自己设计业务模式，我们主要关注如何帮助中小企业赚钱。我们从不从美国拷贝经营模式，象许多中国的互联网企业家那样。我们关注产品质量，我们一定要实现“点击，得到。”如果不能得到，那就是垃圾。
我说阿里巴巴曾犯下一千零一个错误。我们扩张得太快，在互联网泡沫破裂后，我们不得不裁员。到2002年，我们拥有的现金只够维持18个月。阿里巴巴网站的许多用户都在免费使用服务，我们不知道如何获利。于是我们开发了一款产品，为中国的出口商和美国的买家牵线，这个业务模式拯救了我们。到2002年底，我们实现了1美元净利润，终于跨过了盈亏平衡点。自那以后，公司的经营业绩每年都在提高，现在阿里巴巴的盈利能力已经相当强。
启示和展望
我在那些黑暗日子里学到的一课就是你必须保持团队的价值、创新和视野。只要你不放弃，就仍然拥有一线机会。当你的力量还很渺小的时候，你必须非常专注，靠你的大脑生存，而不是你的力气。
上市对于阿里巴巴来说是一个里程碑，上市的时机选择正确。我们的B2B公司已经有了比较稳固的基础，市场环境也比较健康，公司管理也很强。阿里巴巴在香港的成功上市证明：内地的企业也可以在香港获得投资者的青睐和高水平的估值。
我的打算是建立一个电子商务生态系统，让消费者和企业能够在网上进行所有的交易。我们还与雅虎合作，进军搜索服务领域，并且开通了网络拍卖和支付业务。我希望创造100万个工作机会，改变中国的社交和经济环境，使中国成为全球最大的互联网市场。
我是一个比较正统的人。我看重的是，在我的一生中，我能够做些事，影响许多人，影响中国的发展。当我成就理想时，我认为自己是放松的、幸福的，有了一个好的结果。
人际关系宝典系列：7招巧妙批评别人 zz
日常工作生活中，与人相处，遇到别人做事出错时，如何批评，一直是个难题，下面教你7个批评人的注意事项，试试看吧，肯定会收到好的效果：
1.批评必须在单独相处时提出
2.批评前必须略微地给予赞扬或恭维
3.批语时，不要针对人，批评某种行为，而不要批评某个人
4.提供答案
5.请求合作，而不是命令
6.一次犯错，一次批评
7.以友好的方式结束批评
Engineering's Ten Biggest Mistakes zz from http://www.electronicsweekly.com/blogs/engineering-design-problems
News this week of the new Tacoma Narrows Bridge got us thinking about famous engineering screw-ups:
"The original Tacoma Narrows Bridge, dubbed Galloping Gertie, was the world's third-longest suspension bridge when it opened on July 1, 1940. It collapsed in a windstorm about four months later, becoming famous as "the most dramatic failure in bridge engineering history."
Most engineers are familar with this notorious bridge incident, having learned about it in a basic physics course. See some great video here.
Coming up with ten examples of engineering-gone-wrong was a challenge, as the culprit of so many calamities is not bad engineering (safety factors at work here), but rather a motley assortment of organizational incompetence, exaggerated marketing claims, and operator error and misuse.
Here are our picks, in no particular order:
1. Tacoma Narrows Bridge
2. Big Dig Tunnel (Boston, MA)
3. Ford Pinto
4. Bridgestone/Firestone Tires
5. Space Shuttle Challenger
6. London Millenium Footbridge
7. Aloha Airlines Flight 243
8. Hyatt Regency Walkway (Kansas City)
9.Maytag Front-Load Washing Machine
10.Denver Airport Baggage Handling System
And just for fun, here's a photo of the mold problem implicated in the Maytag recall, thanks to a frustrated former Maytag customer, Thomas F. McLoughlin (who as a VP of Engineering knows something about good product design!).
Wednesday, January 30, 2008
HAIRCUT BY MYSELF
haircut - do it yourself:
i decided to have the haircut by myself recently. although it was really difficult to have the haircut by only one person, especially the one himself! i managed to accomplish this by scissors and electric shaver. the forehead is relatively easier since i could control my hands in the mirror. but the backhead is totally terrible! i have no way to see back of my head directly and only tool for evaluation is the digital camera. so here is the effect after i tried:
terrible? ha? so i had to wear a borrowed crappy hat for a whole week when i went outside!
today's photo, much better, right? this proves that even little difference of hair length in bald head is quite so apparent but when it grows up, things are much better! :-)
what to do after you've finished a big project? zz from lifehack
There’s no feeling in the world quite like the mixture of triumph and sadness that comes after finishing a project you’ve been working on for months or even years. On one hand, you’re done and can finally release your finished product, whatever it is, into the world. On the other hand, though, completing a big goal leaves a little emptiness in your life, like sending your kids off to college — one of the major driving forces in your life is gone.
Since you likely have a little more time on your hands now that you’re not working on your big project anymore, take a moment or two to to reflect on what you’ve accomplished, how to build on your success, and how to avoid the mistakes that you’ve made on the way to your achievement. The end goal is to weave the finished project into the overarching fabric of your life — your mission, your vision, your raison d’être — and to capture the energy and momentum of one success and roll it into your next.
Debriefing
What you need to do is debrief. Like a soldier returned from a successful mission, you need to ask — and answer — a few questions about what went wrong and what went right. Consider sitting down someplace quiet with a notebook and ask yourself these questions:
- What was the outcome of this project?
- What is good about the outcome of this project?
- How do I feel about my performance?
- What mistakes did I make that slowed or otherwise negatively affected the completion of this project?
- How could I avoid making those mistakes in the future?
- What was the best part of the project? What was the worst?
- What strengths did I discover in the completion of this project?
- What new abilities or knowledge have I learned from doing this project?
- What do I wish I had known when I started this project?
- In one or two sentences, what were the lessons of this project?
Building on your success
Once you have a good idea of what you’ve learned, it’s time to consider how to put that learning to good use. This might not be something you sit down and figure out in one sitting; finding your next steps is a process that might take a little while. Still, there are a few questions you can ask yourself to get the ball rolling.
- Is this kind of project something I enjoy?
- How can I capitalize on the success of this project?
- What personal connections did I make in the execution of this project that I can draw on in the future?
- What sort of project would best complement the one I’ve just completed?
- What questions were left unanswered, or new questions were raised, in the project I’ve just completed?
- What is the audience I’ve cultivated with my last project, and how can I appeal to and satisfy that audience again?
- What have I put on the back burner so I could focus on my completed project?
Looking at the big picture
After pouring our heart and soul into something over a long period of time, we often find that we’ve changed — that what once interested us no longer does, and that we’ve developed new interests in their place. After completing a big project, it’s time to consider those changes and revise our goals and our vision of ourself.
- Sit down and write a mission statement. If you’ve written one before, take it out and ask yourself what’s changed?
- Revise your resume or CV. How does your new perspective affect the way you describe what was important about your previous experiences?
- Who are you now? Does your old job title still fit? What will you tell people who ask “What do you do?”
- How has your social position changed, if at all, as a result of your project? Are you financially more secure, do you enjoy new respect among your colleagues, are you famous? How will your life have to change to accommodate these new elements?
It’s totally natural to experience a bit of “hang time” after completing something big in your life. You need a few moments to reflect on and savor your success and to figure out what to do next, before your feet hit the floor again.
It’s natural, too, to feel sad, disappointed, even depressed at the end of a big project, even one that’s a resounding success. The things we do define us as people, and the biggest things we do are the biggest part of us; losing them, even by choice and design, is hard. I think this is why so many people seem to experience a fear of success that’s as paralyzing, if not more so, as the fear of failure: they are not prepared for the changes in their life that success would bring.
The important thing, though, is to embrace all the mixed feelings that come after a project, understand where they come from, and use them to propel ourselves forward. Use the end of one project as the beginning of the next and keep working to fulfill your life’s purpose and vision.
The 17 Principles of Personal Achievement zz from lifehack
By Napoleon Hill
Jan 23, 2004, 1:08 PM
1. Definiteness of Purpose - The starting point of all achievement, knowing what you want.
2. Master Mind Principle - The coordination of effort between two or more people in a spirit of perfect harmony in order to attain a specific objective.
3. Applied Faith - A state of mind through which your aims, desires, plans and purposes are translated into physical or financial equivalents.
4. Pleasing Personality - A pleasing personality helps you master the major cause of failure-the inability to get along with people harmoniously.
5. Going the Extra Mile - Rendering more and better service than you are paid to render, doing it all the time and doing it with a pleasing, positive attitude.
6. Personal Initiative - The inner power that starts all action; the power that inspires the completion of all that one begins.
7. Self-Discipline - The ability to control our thoughts and emotions, self-discipline is the only thing in life over which you have complete, unchallenged, and unchallengeable control.
8. Controlled Attention - The highest form of self-discipline, the act of coordinating all your mind's faculties and directing their combined power to a given end.
9. Enthusiasm - A contagious state of mind that not only helps you gain the cooperation of others but, more importantly, inspires you to draw upon and use the power of your imagination.
10. Imagination - Your mind's exercise, challenge and adventure. It uses old ideas and established facts to reassemble them into new combinations and to put them to new uses.
11. Learning from Adversity and Defeat - Hardship and adversity are a common language of nature in which she speaks to all living creatures and teaches them many things they would not learn in any other way.
12. Budgeting Time and Money - Successful people know themselves, not as they think they are, but as their habits have made them: the use of time and money are the most vital of these habits.
13. Positive Mental Attitude - To govern your life, you must be able to govern your mind, and that is the starting point of all riches.
14. Accurate Thinking - The accurate thinker recognizes all the facts of life, both good and bad, and assumes the responsibility of separating and organizing the two, choosing those which serve his/her needs and rejecting others.
15. Sound Physical Health - The key that coordinates all other principles and sets all ideas into motion, sound health provides the "flavor" to the good things in life.
16. Cooperation - Harmony based on definitive motive, cooperation is the medium through which great personal power may be attained; the willing cooperation and coordination of effort to achieve a specific objective.
17. Cosmic Habitforce - The cosmic habitforce is the universe's law of equilibrium, the one natural law into which all other natural laws resolve themselves.
"When you learn to weave unpleasant circumstances into something useful, you're on the road to success."- Napoleon Hill
Learn more about Napoleon Hill's The Science of Personal Achievement and visit us online today!
推荐：如何在三个月内获得三年的工作经验 zz
| 推荐：如何在三个月内获得三年的工作经验 |
| [ 2008-1-30 9:13:00 | By: 旅程无限 ] |
也许是天意吧，昨天刚推荐了《工作就是生意》这本书，分享如何以平和、理性的心态看待 工作，努力地在工作中完善自我，树立个人品牌，最终达成“为而不争。。。以其不争，天下莫能与之争”的境界。今天就又欣赏了另一篇好文：《如何在三个月内 获得三年的工作经验》，值得再次推荐分享。
很多职场新人都谈到了工作经验的问题，似乎招聘公司不给你机会，你就没办法获得必要的工作经验，其实并不一定。
很多资料在网上都是可以找到的，只是看你具备不具备足够的信息收集与处理能力，而这个收集与处理信息的过程，也能极大的提升你的职业能力。
我一直有个感觉，在“模仿中成长，在创新中成功”，其实在真正的职业工作中，大多数的工作都是模仿重复，强调的是工作效率，而不是创新。对于企业而言，过度的创新必然导致过多的失败，以及效率的低下。
以下方式是我的成长中曾经做过的，也是我用来训练新员工的方案。你们也可以试试。
我这里要强调的一点是，你收集到的任何资料都不能只是看看，而必须自己手把手，动手去整理、去归类，去建立新的结构，这个信息收集与处理的过程甚至比你最后总结成文的文字更重要。
何谓“学习”？学习学习，学而习，习而成习惯。光学不习，那知识还只是书上的，老师教的，不是你自己的，只有你重复练习了，经过量变，才会有质变，当你形成条件反射时，你就真正掌握这个东西了。
这个过程需要维持两至三个月的时间，一定要坚持下去，你会看到自己的变化的。否则，你会用你最青春的两三年来慢慢沉淀出这些你两 三个月就能掌握的东西。
一切一切，其实，你们比的不是其它的东西，只是比的速度。
这也是为什么我那么强调基本功的原因。
1. 职业分析：
A. 分析性格——分析长处和短处——分析大家都有的长处——确定自己最终发展的专业
B. 确定兴趣——分析竞争的激烈程度和发展的空间大小——寻找相对优势—确定自己最终进入的行业
C. 确定行业内自己的专业方向，继续保持自身的专业优势。
2. 编写行业报告——着重对行业全面性的把握。
A. 通过上网查询和购买行业报刊，收集不少于三十万字的行业、重点企业的有效资料，在电脑中进行资料分析、分类、汇总。
B. 参考同类行业书籍，确定写作提纲，确定文章结构和逻辑方向，培养文字表达能力和逻辑能力，以及熟练的电脑使用技能。
C. 将三十万字资料浓缩成十至十五万字，写成一本符合出版行文格式要求的行业报告。如果选题好，还真的有出版的可能性。如果有一定的独特见解，也可以写成文章争取在专业刊物上发表，树立个人专业形象。
3. 编写讲座报告——着重对专业系统性的把握。
A. 根据你希望从事的专业岗位，从报告中选择两到三个重点，将书稿压缩成两万字的讲座稿（按每分钟150字的演讲速度，即两个小时）。
B. 将演讲稿再浓缩成两千字的提纲和重要内容，使用PPT软件编成演讲用演示文件，并根据相关内容配以精彩图片。
C. 培养职业化的公众表达能力和表达方式，练习普通话，使用讲座稿进行互动讲座和演讲练习，只到脱口而出。
告诉大家两个名人是这么成长的．
一个是教英语的李阳，他读大学时成绩不好，英语不及格，然后他做什么去了？他跑到没人的地方大声喊英语去了．
一个是做广告的叶茂中，他卖广告卖不出去了，他跑回家写书．别人看到的和他自己说的是拿着书出版出了名，发达了．其实做过这个事的人才会知道，当他把这本书写出来时，能不能出版已经不重要的，因为他知道他变化了．
我当时也是没办法了，把所有的钱买了台电脑，在家里做了三个月这个事，三个月后的变化是惊人的，我的父母、我兼职的公司的老总，最重要的是我自己，都感觉到了自己的变化。
完全不同了。
其实我写的已经不是理论了，其实什么都没有技巧的，只是多看书，然后多做，硬磕，坚持下去，刚开始觉得没变化，没感觉，很累，坚持不下去，然后做着做着，就越来越快了，然后慢慢的有变化．
而且有意思的是，我在家呆了三个月，做的事其实根本与我所从事的工作没有一点关系．只是这三个月的训练，对于我的逻辑、结构、全局性、文字表达能力、口头表达能力有了极大的提升。
至 于收入翻５翻，当年一个月也就八百块钱，然后做完这个训练后整个人的状态都变了，有自信了，然后写了一个方案去应聘，结果进了一家大公司，当然，开始我还 不想去，因为对方只给我800/月，还要自己租房子，吃饭，觉得不好，但是对方连续四个月三次打电话找我，于是我去了，结果去了就后悔了，真正好的公司根 本不在乎工资的，重要的是你自己的能力。第一个月，我就挣了八千块，我以前想都不敢想的。然后两个月就转了正，而有一个有关系的同事，呆了一年还没能转 正。然后每个月的收入超过工资几倍，还有年终奖两万，出国旅游，其实也不累，我到这个家公司的同时，还到另一家广告公司兼职，呵呵，很回忆的过去。
现在看到太多的人谈工资，我确实不喜欢，我这几年都不和老板谈工资的，因为说出来好笑，帐面工资高了，还要多扣税．
我只在意公司的分配方式，怎么样算提成和奖金，年薪．
上个月有一个和我同龄的名牌大学MBA来我现在所在的小公司应聘,不愿意和人事小姐谈,老板不在,我就来谈了,我说好呀,以你的资历我不能和你谈给 谁做副手的问题了,我跟你谈谈公司的分配方式吧,其实我们公司普通员工的收入都不高的,长沙平均水平,只是不忙,周末休两天,工作满一年还有一个星期的年 休假.
但是公司几个部门负责人还是有钱的,象我三十岁,一年18万左右的年薪,其它的我就不清楚了,有几个我一个星期才见一次的,比我还小,只怕拿得比我还多.你应该也是这样的吧.
他要求6千一个月的月薪,我说这倒不重要,重要的是公司不会给你安排业务的,你自己找业务回来,公司给你平台,给你配团队,能挣多少钱是你的本事.
我说完了,问,你有什么想法吗?他说没想法,起身走人.
太有意思了,你在长沙想拿六千一个月,你等别人找事给你做,你为什么不能自己找到项目呀?六千是底薪呀,差不多7万2千的底薪,如果是这样的,那我自己算我应该拿到二十五万以上的年薪了.
从来拿底薪和拿年薪的人就是不一样的.
如果你不敢拿年薪,你就不要想着谈什么老板给你少了.
企业是要盈利的,资本家是要剥削的.问题是,如果你是一个真正能创造价值的人,你自己所创造的价值你是可以拿到手的.
大学毕业生,如果什么经验也没有,只有知识,没有技能,能找到一个给你几百块钱,让你在这里呆着学东西的企业就应该感谢了,如果你觉得这种企业不是你所向往的,你在上大学时就老老实实努力学,少玩,多练.
我工作有一个总结,钱永远不会是目标,但是它会是结果.
谈到职业规划，有人说过职业可以规划的，我也相信未来可以计划的，问题是，你是不是这个能不能计划出你 未来的人，以及，你身边有没有熟悉你的高人指点，如果没有，那你自己都不会明白你自己的未来是什么的，就象象你去做所谓的性向测试，说不定是你自己在自欺 欺人了，这种事多了，没人会把自己算成一个坏人的。
所以重要的还是那一句话，复杂的生活简单过，简单的事情重复做。
- 科学管理就是
- 把复杂的事情简单化；
- 把简单的事情可操作化；
- 把可操作的事情度量化、数字化；
- 把可度量、可数字化的事情可考评化；
- 把可考评的事情流程化。
你是中文系的，如果你的年纪还不是很大，建议你凭你自己的能力，哪怕是工资少点，你都要进最好的广告公司，去呆上一年半载，按我说的方法偷师，基本能力提升了，慢慢的你会遇到一些贵人的，还有你会涉及一些行业，慢慢的，你会发觉你内心深处喜欢的行业。
呵呵，特别是哦，女孩子，只有努力才能进大公司，只有进了大公司才能遇到优秀的男生。好男生都关在写字楼里上班下班加班的，呵呵。生活圈子都小的，你选择的工作圈在你努力的阶段就是你的生活圈。
在你的成长过程中，有五个人非常重要。
第一个，导师，教练。
他教给你实用的技巧、一定的工作经验，而不是知识。他可以给你指明方向。
这个人可能是你的上司、前辈、学长。
第二个，陪练，同路人。
任何人的成长都不是学出来的，而是学而习，习而成习惯，练出来的。在这个练的过程中，是一件很苦的过程，是一系列简单动作的重复重复再重复，由量变到质变的过程，在这个过程中，一个人很难坚持下来，这时你需要一个同路人。
他可以是和你共同兴趣，共同目标的朋友，最好是你生命中所爱的人。
第三个，榜样，他是你人生的标杆。
在你一生中，在不同阶段，会有不同的标杆，你向他学习，受他鼓舞，一步一步向他靠扰。
最重要的是那个你看得到摸得着的人，你知道，不需要通过机遇，只需要通过努力就可以达到的榜样。
第四个，敌人，看不起你的人，拒绝过你的人。
人不到绝境是不会有斗志的，你要证明他是错的，他会给你真正的动力。
第五个，最重要的是第五个，你们觉得第五个人是你自己。
世界上没有救世主，任何希望当别人救世主的人不是疯子就是傻子，只有自己才可以救自己。
这个世界上，失败的人除了天分太差之外，只有以下几点，懒，方向不对，方法不对，没有坚持。
如果你自己做不到，你不要怪别人。
基本功是你自己的，细节所积累下来的，能让你迅速融入新环境．
不知道怎么跟大家谈基本功这个问题．
很多东西大家都没把它当基本功了．
比如说，我想要的人，他打字很快，他很少很少写错别字，有丰富的词汇量，逻辑很清晰，用词很准确，这些看上去难不难？
但是在我这两年见过的应聘的策划文案来看，只有两个人做到了．一个是做了三年文案的女孩子，慢慢磨的．一个是中文硕士生，还没毕业．
其实大学到底教给大家什么了？
知识？
大学阶段必须打好你的基本功，这些决定了你就业后的学习能力，阶层简单工作的工作效率．
如果谁还说打字、排版是文员做的事，那只能说他是真正不明白真正的职场需要。
你们在大学所学到的知识，都是同质化的了，如果将知识变为通用的、标准化的技能才是重要的。
既然学的东西没用，那在大学还要不要认真学习呢？
当然要，因为这些东西是系统性的，这个学习过程能培养你的学习能力。
知识不能改变你的命运了，但是它可以改变你的气质。
如果你读个四年大学出来，你的气质还不能好一点，那你的大学就真的白读了。
经常有人在问面试穿什么衣服呀？
穿什么衣服重要吗？
重要的是什么人在穿这些衣服。
重要的是你的精气神，你的气质。
有一天有一个应聘文案的来了，我叫设计总监先和他聊聊。
聊完了，我说这个人不行吧，设计总监说为什么？
我说我们调性不符，我们多少都有点书卷气，而他是一脸的江湖气。
果然，呵呵。
招聘方当然是要看应聘者的外形条件的，但并不是丑的就不招，重要的是能力和你的气质，是不是符合公司要求的。
重要的是兴趣。
然后是狂练基本功，简单重复积累。
学打拳，你先站三个月桩再说。
面对新人，我说很多东西，你会发现，每个字你都认识，每句话你都看得懂，但是你理解吗？
领悟，是教不了的。
自己努力吧，自己重复做，再会明白自己最想要的是什么。
你考公员员如果死活考不上，那你应该去想想，这种机械性的考试你都过不了，那是不是学习方法，或者兴趣不对呀？
做销售，同样的，从基阶做起吧。
你的财政学对你有没有帮助？
当然有，你对销售的认识会不同的。
象十年前我卖保险，人人都跟银行比，算利息，都算得没有银行高，只能说死了人有赔了。
而我是怎么算呢？我用递增，还是增减年金公式算，呵呵，比银行高呢。
另外，别人说死了人有赔，最多是说得婉转点。
我可没把它当死人卖呀，我把它当礼物卖，当成父母送给孩子的礼物卖，卖得可好了，呵呵。
现在哪个做人寿险的人敢说他一年做两百多单？
呵呵，我好象一年做了二百四十单左右，全是年缴哦。
这个世界上最穷的和最富的人都在做销售．
做销售的人底薪很低的，大多数人拼的只是体力罢了，如果你想做好，你多花心思就可以了．多想多跑，还是在一个行业里多坚持，找到高手做师父带你．
我说说当年我混日子的时候怎么过来的．
那年头电脑还紧俏，我只要一有机会就到别人电脑上练东西，终于练成了今天的电脑基本功，一方面要多学，一方面要多用心．
然后，我每天做记录，记下工作的流程，记下别人说过的工作中重要的话，其实什么叫行业经验，很多老手随便说的话，都是行话了，有它的意思的，听了就要想，就要去查，很多东西就知道了．
为什么要记录，因为什么叫职业化？职业化就是标准化、流程化，模式化，你多看多记多想就能明白了，这些东西在很多地方都是通用的。
有一点，如果这里收入还可以的话，你好好学吧，任何工作都要呆一两年，你才会有认识的，跳来跳去的对你 不好，真的，你还在磨性情的时候，只要你保持学习的能力，别下班玩去了就可以了，有压力才有动力，好好留心心仪的公司招聘的要求，按那个要求去做一个一年 的训练与学习计划，一年后，那个公司在等你。
Success is the inevitable outcome of persistently optimizing the productive output of one's time
正确的舆论导向——关于铁塔在电线覆冰后为什么容易倒塌的原因� ZZ from BMY
标 题: 正确的舆论导向——关于铁塔在电线覆冰后为什么容易倒塌的原因�
发信站: 兵马俑BBS (Tue Jan 29 12:43:44 2008), 本站(bbs.xjtu.edu.cn)
编者按：针对目前一些社会人员甚至个别涉电工作者，对覆冰倒塔的一些不正确认识现象，从专业角度讲一讲相关常识，尽量客观反映当前电力部门的工作，让所有人做出自已的正确判断，供参考。
1、基础知识首先讲电力线路的杆塔，线路要架空就必须有两种杆塔，即一是直线塔、另一种是耐张塔，简单的比喻就是你要晒衣裳拉一根线，两端要固定在墙上，中间用竹杆撑起。好了，直线塔就有了，竹杆就是直线塔，其作用就是挑起导线，一般只承受导线的自重，专业讲就垂直荷载。
同时耐张塔也有了，即是晒衣裳固定的墙，所以电力线路线路最易出危险的是耐张塔，因为导线受张力架空后，沿导线纵向拉起的力全部挂在耐张塔上，即耐张塔要承受电力线路架空后的张力载荷，也就是要当成墙壁一样承受导线的拉力。
2、专业名词导线的标称截面，400/35，即400表示导线的铝股部分横截面积为400平方mm，35表示钢芯部分横截面积为35平方mm。当 前500kV高压送电线路多为该型导线，然后每相导线有4根，一条线路为3相导线，共12根导线，还有两根避雷线。一般线路就是这样的导线结构，架空在天 上的共有14根线。
（1）导线的自重，1米400/35导线的自重是1.511kg
（2）按南方多年的气象条件，设计时冰厚10mm，导线上履10mm厚冰后的增加重量是：1.04kg.计算式是y2=〔3.14*（d/2+b)^2-3.14*(d/2)^2〕*1000*0.9 b是冰厚，d是导线直径，A是导线截面积，冰密度0.9
（3）由此：每一米导线的上加冰后的重量是：1.511+1.04＝2.551kg。
（4）耐张塔正常设计时应承受的张力G是：2.55*1000米*4根子导线*3相＝30.6吨。 取平均水平档距1000米 （多数为500～700米，考虑山区的连续上山档等因素取1000米）耐张塔的高度一般在20米左右。此30吨纵向拉力挂在塔上，对基础的扭力力距为20 米，基础即按此不利的受力条件进行选取。耐张塔身要承受的扭力即为抗拒30吨的扭力力矩。
（5）而当履冰为 50mm厚，代入计算式：y2＝10.85；G＝（10.85+1.511）*1000*4*3＝148.3吨。
当冰厚为100mm时，代入计算式：y2＝35.83；G＝（35.839+1.51）*1000*4*3＝448.2吨。
（6）由此可见：50mm的冰产生的张力是10mm冰的148.3/30.612＝ 4.85倍。
100mm的冰产生的张力是10mm冰的448.2/30.612＝16.6倍。
虽然线路设计取了2.5倍的安全系数。但是由于冰厚产生的荷载是平方关系的增长，耐张塔不可能按几十年不遇的天气条件来设计。
如果为了抗拒100mm冰的而设计耐张塔，其塔身强度和基础强度都是不可想像的。在线路工程的造价中，铁塔投资占20％。而三峡到上海的线路2000公 里，塔量为2000基以上，总造价为40亿元。单位造价为200万元/公里，如要每基塔均增加投资去抗衡50～100mm冰，电力线路的总体投资翻10倍 左右。即达到400亿，按此推算，当前电力建设每年建设电力线路均在5000公里左右。按10倍的关系，即光电力线路建设即达到1000个亿。而一个国家 级的三峡工程也不过2000亿元，
另外，电网投资均由电力企业自行投资，完全是为了保履冰而这样投资是不合理的，也不经济的，将会造成极大的浪费。
质疑之一的解释：为何导线不断而塔倒的问题，这很好理解，这是因为耐张塔要承受不利的力矩效应（塔高20米），而导线只单纯的承受纵向张力。在所 有的导线中心均用钢绞线进行承力，在履冰时，首先崩溃的一定是耐张塔，再才是倒塔的冲击力挣断导线。这就好比用绳子拴到一棵树上，用力扯绳子，断掉的一定 是树根，因绳子只受纵向拉力，故先断的是树，树断后，对绳子产生冲击，再断绳子。
质疑之二的解释：北方未倒塔的原因是：天气干冷，塔身不会凝冰，导线上只是有附着积雪，没有大量挂冰，而且在设计时冰厚就取得大， 般在30mm左右。而湖南、贵州的事故中，导线上全部凝冰达50～100mm，塔身及绝缘子上全结成了水桶。这样多的额外荷载均由铁塔来承受，远远超出了 国家规定的铁塔使用条件。不倒塔才不正常。说句极端的话，按100mm冰设计的定型塔图，估计国家当前还没有可选用的定型塔呢！
--
※ 来源:．兵马俑BBS http://bbs.xjtu.edu.cn [FROM: 61.144.49.122]
※ 修改:．bluesky 于 Jan 29 12:44:36 修改本文．[FROM: 61.144.49.122]
10 Secrets to Success zz
1. How You Think is Everything.
Always be positive. Think Success, not Failure. Beware of a negative environment.
This trait has to be one of the most important in the entire list. Your belief that you can accomplish your goals has to be unwavering. The moment you say to yourself “I can’t…”, then you won’t. I was always given the advice “never say I can’t” and I’d like to strike those words from the dictionary.
I’ve found that from time-to-time my attitude waivers. A mentor of mine once said “it’s ok to visit pity city, but you can’t stay and there comes a time when you need to leave”. Positive things happen to positive people.
2. Decide upon Your True Dreams and Goals: Write down your specific goals and develop a plan to reach them.
Write down my dreams and goals? Develop a plan to reach them? You mean like a project plan? Yes, that’s exactly what this means. You may have heard the old adage: A New Years resolution that isn’t written down is just a dream, and dreams are not goals.
Goals are those concrete, measurable stepping stones of achievement that track your progress towards your dreams. My goal is to start a second career as a freelance writer – what are your goals?
3. Take Action. Goals are nothing without action.
Be like Nike and “Just do it”. I took action by reaching out and started writing. Every day I try to take some action towards my goals. It may be small, but it’s still an action. Have you taken action towards your goals?
4. Never Stop Learning: Go back to school or read books. Get training & acquire skills.
Becoming a life long learner would benefit us all and is something we should instill in our kids. It’s funny that once you’re out of school you realize how enjoyable learning can be. What have you learned today?
5. Be Persistent and Work Hard: Success is a marathon, not a sprint. Never give up.
I think every story of success I read entails long hard hours of work. There is no getting around this and there is no free lunch. But, if you’re working towards something that you’re passionate about, something you love – then is it really work?
6. Learn to Analyze Details: Get all the facts, all the input. Learn from your mistakes.
I think you have to strike a balance between getting all the facts and making a decision with incomplete data – both are traits of successful people. Spend time gathering details, but don’t catch ‘analysis paralysis’.
7. Focus Your Time And Money: Don’t let other people or things distract you.
Remain laser focused on your goals and surround yourself with positive people that believe in you. Don’t be distracted by the naysayer’s or tasks that are not helping you achieve your goals.
8. Don’t Be Afraid To Innovate: Be different. Following the herd is a sure way to mediocrity.
Follow through on that break-out idea you have. Ask yourself “What would I do if I wasn’t afraid?”
9. Deal And Communicate With People Effectively: No person is an island. Learn to understand and motivate others.
Successful people develop and nurture a network and they only do that by treating people openly, fairly and many times firmly. There is nothing wrong about being firm – just don’t cross the a-hole line. How do you deal with people?
10. Be Honest And Dependable: Take responsibility, otherwise numbers 1 – 9 won’t matter.
7 habits of highly ineffective people
2. procrastinating half the day
3. do not do actually the things most important right now
4. thinking too much
5. seeing negative and downside of everything
6. cling to your own thoughts and being closed to the outside influence
7. constantly information overload
from http://www.positivityblog.com/index.php/2007/09/05/7-habits-of-highly-ineffective-people/
